RT Book, Section
A1 Hannon, Claire
A1 Murray, Patrick T.
A2 Hall, Jesse B.
A2 Schmidt, Gregory A.
A2 Kress, John P.
SR Print(0)
ID 1107723363
T1 Acute Kidney Injury
T2 Principles of Critical Care, 4e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071738811
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1107723363
RD 2024/04/19
AB Prerenal  azotemia  and  acute  tubular  necrosis  account  for  the  overwhelming  majority  of  hospital-acquired  acute  kidney  injury  cases,  whereas  acute  glomerulonephritis  and  vasculitides  are  relatively  more  common  causes  of  acute  kidney  injury  developing  outside  the  hospital.Acute  kidney  injury  occurs  in  at  least  10%  to  30%  of  patients  admitted  to  an  ICU,  and  severe  AKI  is  associated  with  a  mortality  rate  of  about  50%,  despite  advances  in  supportive  care  and  technology.Traditionally,  the  most  important  diagnostic  classification  to  be  made  in  the  evaluation  of  patients  with  acute  kidney  injury  is  based  on  the  site  of  the  renal  lesion  (pre-,  intra-,  or  postrenal).Since  there  are  few  specific  therapies  available  in  patients  with  established  acute  tubular  necrosis,  the  major  clinical  focus  is  on  prevention  of  AKI  by  identification  of  subjects  at  highest  risk.All  aspects  of  treatment  of  acute  tubular  necrosis,  including  renal  replacement  therapy,  are  basically  supportive.  The  nondialytic  measures  of  greatest  importance  are  maintenance  of  nutritional,  volume,  and  electrolyte  homeostasis.