RT Book, Section
A1 Weil, P. Anthony
A2 Rodwell, Victor W.
A2 Bender, David A.
A2 Botham, Kathleen M.
A2 Kennelly, Peter J.
A2 Weil, P. Anthony
SR Print(0)
ID 1106058453
T1 DNA Organization, Replication, & Repair
T2 Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 30e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071825344
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106058453
RD 2022/05/26
AB OBJECTIVESAfter  studying  this  chapter,  you  should  be  able  to:Appreciate  that  the  roughly  3  ×  109  base  pairs  of  DNA  that  compose  the  haploid  genome  of  humans  are  divided  uniquely  between  23  linear  DNA  units,  the  chromosomes.  Humans,  being  diploid,  have  23  pairs  of  chromosomes:  22  autosomes  and  two  sex  chromosomes.Understand  that  human  genomic  DNA,  if  extended  end-to-end,  would  be  meters  in  length,  yet  still  fits  within  the  nucleus  of  the  cell,  an  organelle  that  is  only  microns  (μ;  10−6  meters)  in  diameter.  Such  condensation  in  DNA  length  is  induced  following  its  association  with  the  highly  positively  charged  histone  proteins  resulting  in  the  formation  of  a  unique  DNA-histone  complex  termed  the  nucleosome.  Nucleosomes  have  DNA  wrapped  around  the  surface  of  an  octamer  of  histones.Explain  that  strings  of  nucleosomes  form  along  the  linear  sequence  of  genomic  DNA  to  form  chromatin,  which  itself  can  be  more  tightly  packaged  and  condensed,  which  ultimately  leads  to  the  formation  of  the  chromosomes.Appreciate  that  while  the  chromosomes  are  the  macroscopic  functional  units  for  DNA  transcription,  replication,  recombination,  gene  assortment,  and  cellular  division,  it  is  DNA  function  at  the  level  of  the  individual  nucleotides  that  composes  regulatory  sequences  linked  to  specific  genes  that  are  essential  for  life.Explain  the  steps,  phase  of  the  cell  cycle,  and  the  molecules  responsible  for  the  replication,  repair,  and  recombination  of  DNA,  and  understand  the  negative  effects  of  errors  in  any  of  these  processes  upon  cellular  and  organismal  integrity  and  health.