RT Book, Section A1 Coveleski, Peter A2 Maitin, Ian B. A2 Cruz, Ernesto SR Print(0) ID 1105127446 T1 Therapeutic Modalities T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071793292 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105127446 RD 2024/04/25 AB The use of physical agents and devices to reduce pain and improve function has a long history in the practice in medicine. In recent decades, technology has increased the variety of modalities available to the practitioner. This chapter surveys the most commonly used options, with the goal of aiding the practitioner in choosing among alternatives. Despite widespread use and decades of experience, however, consensus is lacking regarding indications, implementation, and efficacy for many of these approaches.