RT Book, Section
A1 Fischman, Michael L.
A1 Rugo, Hope S.
A2 LaDou, Joseph
A2 Harrison, Robert J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1104102783
T1 Occupational Cancer
T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment:  Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 5e
YR 2013
FD 2013
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071808156
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104102783
RD 2023/06/10
AB The  majority  of  cancers  are  multifactorial  in  etiology,  the  result  of  a  combination  of  genetic  and  nongenetic  factors.  Genetic  factors  alone  are  estimated  to  cause  only  about  5%  of  cancers.  Nongenetic  factors,  sometimes  referred  to  as  environmental  factors,  account  for  the  majority  of  cancers.  They  include  lifestyle  factors  such  as  tobacco  use,  alcohol  consumption,  poor  diet,  obesity,  physical  inactivity,  and  occupational  and  consumer  exposures  to  myriad  chemicals  and  product  formulations,  which  collectively  contribute  to  the  occurrence  of  a  substantial  proportion  of  cancers.  Millions  of  US  workers  are  exposed  to  substances  that  are  known  to  cause  cancer  in  humans,  with  125  documented  chemical/exposure  circumstances,  and  more  that  cause  cancer  in  animal  studies.  Unfortunately,  however,  less  than  5%  of  chemicals  manufactured  or  processed  in  the  United  Sates  have  been  tested  for  carcinogenicity  in  animal  bioassays.  Based  on  associations  between  occupational  exposures  and  cancer,  it  is  estimated  that  4–10%  of  US  cancers  are  caused  by  occupational  exposures.