RT Book, Section
A1 Hummers, Laura K.
A1 Wigley, Fredrick M.
A2 Imboden, John B.
A2 Hellmann, David B.
A2 Stone, John H.
SR Print(0)
ID 57272580
T1 Chapter 25. Scleroderma
T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Rheumatology, 3e
YR 2013
FD 2013
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-163805-0
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57272580
RD 2023/02/08
AB The  most  frequent  symptoms  are  (in  descending  order)  Raynaud  phenomenon,  gastroesophageal  reflux  with  or  without  dysmotility,  skin  changes,  swollen  fingers,  and  arthralgias.Patients  with  Raynaud  phenomenon  and  features  atypical  for  primary  Raynaud  phenomenon  should  be  evaluated  for  the  possibility  of  scleroderma  or  another  connective  tissue  disease.A  negative  antinuclear  antibody  test  (by  indirect  immunofluorescence)  makes  the  diagnosis  of  scleroderma  very  unlikely.The  degree  of  skin  involvement  is  highly  variable.  Many  patients  with  limited  scleroderma  have  only  subtle  cutaneous  findings  (eg,  mild  sclerodactyly).The  current  classification  criteria  do  not  include  many  patients  with  milder  forms  of  scleroderma.Some  patients  may  have  overlapping  clinical  features  with  other  systemic  autoimmune  rheumatic  disorders  such  as  polymyositis/dermatomyositis,  Sjögren  syndrome,  systemic  lupus  erythematosus,  and  rheumatoid  arthritis.