RT Book, Section
A1 Toole, Kevin P.
A1 Cosgrove, Gregory P.
A2 Grippi, Michael A.
A2 Antin-Ozerkis, Danielle E.
A2 Dela Cruz, Charles S.
A2 Kotloff, Robert M.
A2 Kotton, Camille Nelson
A2 Pack, Allan I.
SR Print(0)
ID 1195006272
T1 Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
T2 Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 6e
YR 2023
FD 2023
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260473988
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1195006272
RD 2024/04/18
AB Pleuropulmonary  involvement  associated  with  the  collagen  vascular  diseases  occurs  frequently.  All  the  structures  within  the  respiratory  tract  may  be  affected,  either  separately  or  in  combination.  This  includes  the  respiratory  muscles,  the  pleura,  the  conducting  airways,  and  the  lung  parenchyma—the  small  airways,  the  interstitium,  or  the  pulmonary  vessels.  Patients  with  underlying  collagen  vascular  disease  experience  an  increased  incidence  of  community-acquired  pneumonia,  as  well  as  pneumonia  associated  with  the  immunosuppressive  drugs  employed  for  treatment.  Anti–tumor  necrosis  factor  α  (anti–TNF-α)  agents  increase  the  risk  for  infections,  particularly  typical  and  atypical  mycobacterial  pathogens  (e.g.,  tuberculous  and  nontuberculous),  Pneumocystis  jirovecii,  and  Nocardia  species.  Cytotoxic  drugs,  particularly  methotrexate  and  gold,  also  can  induce  various  noninfectious  interstitial  reactions,  which  are  often  difficult  to  distinguish  from  a  primary  interstitial  complication  of  a  collagen  vascular  disease.1