RT Book, Section
A1 Chen, Edward S.
A2 Grippi, Michael A.
A2 Antin-Ozerkis, Danielle E.
A2 Dela Cruz, Charles S.
A2 Kotloff, Robert M.
A2 Kotton, Camille Nelson
A2 Pack, Allan I.
SR Print(0)
ID 1195005598
T1 Systemic Sarcoidosis
T2 Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 6e
YR 2023
FD 2023
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260473988
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1195005598
RD 2024/04/19
AB Sarcoidosis  is  a  systemic  disorder  characterized  by  noncaseating  granulomatous  inflammation  at  sites  of  disease.1  Although  any  organ  can  be  involved,  the  disease  most  commonly  affects  the  lungs  and  intrathoracic  lymph  nodes.  A  diagnosis  of  sarcoidosis  is  most  securely  established  by  a  compatible  clinical  presentation  and  laboratory  and  radiographic  abnormalities,  and  is  confirmed  by  a  biopsy  showing  noncaseating  epithelioid  granulomas  in  more  than  one  organ  plus  the  exclusion  of  granulomatous  disorders  of  known  cause.2  The  disease  results  from  the  combined  effects  of  genetic  susceptibility  and  environmental  exposures.3  Disease-specific  immune  responses  contribute  to  the  nonnecrotizing  granulomatous  inflammation  identified  as  sarcoidosis.  The  clinical  course  is  highly  variable  according  to  clinical  presentation  and  demographic  features.4  Corticosteroids  remain  the  mainstay  of  treatment  for  patients  with  threatened  organ  failure  or  progressive  disease.  Long-term  management  must  include  a  careful  review  of  systems  to  identify  symptoms  that  are  not  due  to  direct  damage  to  tissues  and  organs  and  require  alternative  treatment  strategies.