RT Book, Section
A1 Wang, Sunny
A2 Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2 McPhee, Stephen J.
A2 Rabow, Michael W.
A2 McQuaid, Kenneth R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1193162117
T1 Pulmonary Metastasis
T2 Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
YR 2023
FD 2023
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264687343
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193162117
RD 2024/04/19
AB Pulmonary  metastasis  results  from  the  spread  of  an  extrapulmonary  malignant  tumor  through  vascular  or  lymphatic  channels  or  by  direct  extension.  Almost  any  cancer  can  metastasize  to  the  lung.  Metastases  usually  occur  via  the  pulmonary  artery  and  typically  present  as  multiple  nodules  or  masses  on  chest  radiography.  The  radiographic  differential  diagnosis  of  multiple  pulmonary  nodules  also  includes  pulmonary  arteriovenous  malformation,  infections,  sarcoidosis,  rheumatoid  nodules,  and  granulomatosis  with  polyangiitis.  Metastases  to  the  lungs  are  found  in  20–55%  of  patients  with  various  metastatic  malignancies  and  are  usually  intraparenchymal.  Carcinomas  of  the  kidney,  breast,  rectum,  colon,  and  cervix  and  malignant  melanoma  are  the  most  likely  primary  tumors.  Head  and  neck  cancers  with  extensive  or  lower  cervical  nodal  involvement  have  a  30%  risk  for  distant  metastasis;  half  of  these  metastases  present  in  the  lungs.  Pulmonary  metastases  are  common  in  patients  with  osteosarcomas  and  develop  in  approximately  20%  of  patients  with  soft  tissue  sarcomas.