RT Book, Section
A1 Lee, Sunyoung S.
A1 Zhang, Hao Chi
A1 Cao, Hop S. Tran
A1 Kodali, Sudha
A1 Kuban, Joshua D.
A1 Koay, Eugene J.
A1 Avritscher, Rony
A1 Kaseb, Ahmed O.
A2 Kantarjian, Hagop M.
A2 Wolff, Robert A.
A2 Rieber, Alyssa G.
SR Print(0)
ID 1190835545
T1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma
T2 The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 4e
YR 2022
FD 2022
PB McGraw Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260467642
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1190835545
RD 2024/04/19
AB KEY  CONCEPTSRisk  factors  for  liver  cirrhosis  and  hepatocellular  carcinoma  (HCC)  include  chronic  hepatitis  B  and  C  infections,  metabolic  syndrome,  and  alcohol  abuse.  Hepatology  management  of  risk  factors  reduces  the  risk  of  cancer  recurrence.Treatment  for  HCC  is  multidisciplinary  and  involves  hepatology;  interventional  radiology;  and  medical,  surgical,  and  radiation  oncology.Surgical  resection  is  considered  for  patients  who  have  small-volume  disease  without  portal  hypertension.  Those  with  portal  hypertension  receive  locoregional  and/or  radiation  therapy,  and  liver  transplantation  is  considered.Systemic  therapy  is  recommended  for  patients  with  advanced  or  metastatic  HCC,  and  locoregional  and  radiation  therapy  are  combined  in  eligible  patients.Targeted  therapy  (anti-vascular  endothelial  growth  factor  and  tyrosine  kinase  inhibitors)  and  immune  checkpoint  inhibitors  are  two  main  backbones  of  systemic  therapy.  These  include  sorafenib,  lenvatinib,  atezolizumab  with  bevacizumab,  nivolumab  with  and  without  ipilimumab,  pembrolizumab,  cabozantinib,  regorafenib,  and  ramucirumab.There  are  no  established  guidelines  for  fibrolamellar  HCC  (FLHCC)  and  combined  HCC-cholangiocarcinoma  (cHCC-CC).  Systemic  therapy  such  as  5-fluorouracil  plus  interferon-α2b  for  FLHCC  and  platinum-based  chemotherapy  for  cHCC-CC  is  combined  with  surgical  resection  and  locoregional  and  radiation  therapy.