RT Book, Section
A1 Wang, Sunny
A2 Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2 McPhee, Stephen J.
A2 Rabow, Michael W.
A2 McQuaid, Kenneth R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1184389504
T1 Pulmonary Metastasis
T2 Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022
YR 2022
FD 2022
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264269389
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184389504
RD 2024/04/17
AB Pulmonary  metastasis  results  from  the  spread  of  an  extrapulmonary  malignant  tumor  through  vascular  or  lymphatic  channels  or  by  direct  extension.  Almost  any  cancer  can  metastasize  to  the  lung,  including  primary  lung  carcinomas.  Metastases  usually  occur  via  the  pulmonary  artery  and  typically  present  as  multiple  nodules  or  masses  on  chest  radiography.  The  radiographic  differential  diagnosis  of  multiple  pulmonary  nodules  also  includes  pulmonary  arteriovenous  malformation,  infections  (including  abscesses,  septic  emboli,  and  atypical  infections),  sarcoidosis,  rheumatoid  nodules,  and  granulomatosis  with  polyangiitis.  Metastases  to  the  lungs  are  found  in  20–55%  of  patients  with  various  metastatic  malignancies.  Most  are  intraparenchymal.  Carcinomas  of  the  kidney,  breast,  rectum,  colon,  and  cervix  and  malignant  melanoma  are  the  most  likely  primary  tumors.  Head  and  neck  cancers  with  extensive  or  lower  cervical  nodal  involvement  have  a  30%  risk  for  distant  metastasis;  half  of  these  metastases  present  in  the  lungs.  Pulmonary  metastases  are  common  in  patients  with  osteosarcomas  and  develop  in  approximately  20%  of  patients  with  soft  tissue  sarcomas.