RT Book, Section A1 Campbell, Stefanie A1 Hinckley, Alison A2 Boulton, Matthew L. A2 Wallace, Robert B. SR Print(0) ID 1182667237 T1 Lyme Disease and Other Borrelia Infections T2 Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e YR 2022 FD 2022 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781259644511 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182667237 RD 2024/03/29 AB Lyme disease (also called Lyme borreliosis) is the most common illness resulting from infection with spirochetes of the Borrelia genus.1,2 Lyme disease predominantly occurs in North America and Europe following the bite of infected Ixodes spp. (hard-bodied) ticks. B. miyamotoi is a recently recognized pathogen that causes a relapsing fever illness and is also transmitted by Ixodes ticks.3 Given the common vector, disease resulting from this infection likely occurs in the same geographic regions as Lyme disease.4 Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) and louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) are caused by infection with several species from the relapsing fever group of Borrelia. Whereas TBRF is endemic on most continents and most often follows the bite of infected Ornithodoros spp. (soft-bodied) ticks, LBRF occurs only in the Horn of Africa and is transmitted by lice (Pediculus humanus).5 Patients who are ill due to these Borrelia infections most often present with acute fever (without typical symptoms of viral respiratory infection or gastroenteritis), and possibly skin rash. Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI) is clinically similar to early Lyme disease, but occurs after the bite of a lone star tick.6 Knowledge regarding geographic location and possibility of exposure to potential vectors, as well as certain risk factors, can inform the differential diagnosis. Methods for prevention of these diseases vary according to the vector of transmission.