RT Book, Section
A1 Katzung, Bertram G.
A1 Kruidering-Hall, Marieke
A1 Tuan, Rupa Lalchandani
A1 Vanderah, Todd W.
A1 Trevor, Anthony J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1180556157
T1 Drugs Used in Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
T2 Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review, 13e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260117127
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180556157
RD 2024/04/24
AB Asthma  is  a  common  disease  characterized  by  airway  inflammation  and  episodic,  reversible  bronchospasm  with  severe  shortness  of  breath.  Subsets  of  clinical  asthma  may  reflect  different  pathogenic  factors  and  different  responsiveness  to  currently  available  therapies.  Drugs  useful  in  classic  allergic  asthma  include  bronchodilators  (smooth  muscle  relaxants)  and  anti-inflammatory  drugs.  Bronchodilators  include  sympathomimetics,  especially  β2-selective  agonists,  muscarinic  antagonists,  methylxanthines,  and  leukotriene  receptor  blockers.  Anti-inflammatory  drugs  used  in  asthma  include  corticosteroids,  mast  cell  stabilizers,  and  anti-IgE  antibodies.  Leukotriene  antagonists  play  a  dual  role.  Chronic  obstructive  pulmonary  disease  (COPD)  is  characterized  by  airflow  limitation  that  is  less  reversible  than  in  asthma  and  usually  follows  a  progressive  course.  However,  many  of  the  drugs  used  in  asthma  are  also  effective  in  COPD.Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintHigh-Yield  Terms  to  LearnBronchial  hyperreactivityPathologic  increase  in  the  bronchoconstrictor  response  to  antigens  and  irritants;  caused  by  bronchial  inflammationIgE-mediated  diseaseDisease  caused  by  excessive  or  misdirected  immune  response  mediated  by  IgE  antibodies.  Example:  asthmaMast  cell  degranulationExocytosis  of  granules  (vesicles)  from  mast  cells  with  release  of  mediators  of  inflammation  and  bronchoconstrictionPhosphodiesterase  (PDE)Family  of  enzymes  that  degrade  cyclic  nucleotides  to  nucleotides,  for  example,  second  messenger  cAMP  (active)  converted  to  AMP  (inactive)  or  cGMP  to  GMPTachyphylaxisRapid  loss  of  responsiveness  to  a  stimulus  (eg,  a  bronchodilator  drug)