RT Book, Section
A1 Benowitz, Neal L.
A2 Olson, Kent R.
A2 Anderson, Ilene B.
A2 Benowitz, Neal L.
A2 Blanc, Paul D.
A2 Clark, Richard F.
A2 Kearney, Thomas E.
A2 Kim-Katz, Susan Y.
A2 Wu, Alan H. B.
SR Print(0)
ID 1179992405
T1 PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, PHENYLEPHRINE, AND OTHER DECONGESTANTS
T2 Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071839792
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179992405
RD 2024/04/16
AB Pseudoephedrine  and  phenylephrine  are  sympathomimetic  drugs  that  are  widely  available  in  nonprescription  nasal  decongestants  and  cold  preparations.  These  remedies  usually  also  contain  antihistamines  and  cough  suppressants.  Nonprescription  ephedrine-containing  cough  and  cold  preparations  as  well  as  ephedrine-containing  dietary  supplements  were  widely  consumed  until  2004,  when  their  use  was  banned  by  the  FDA  because  of  the  unacceptable  risk  for  toxicity.  Ephedrine  and  ephedra-containing  herbal  preparations  (eg,  ma  huang  and  "herbal  ecstasy"),  often  in  combination  with  caffeine,  were  also  used  as  alternatives  to  the  amphetamine  derivative  "ecstasy"  or  as  adjuncts  to  body-building  or  weight  loss  programs.  Phenylpropanolamine  (PPA)  had  been  marketed  as  a  nonprescription  decongestant  and  appetite  suppressant  for  many  years  but  was  removed  from  the  US  market  in  2000  because  of  an  association  with  hemorrhagic  stroke  in  women.  The  availability  of  nonprescription  pseudoephedrine  is  limited  in  many  states  because  it  can  be  used  to  manufacture  illicit  methamphetamine.  The  FDA  issued  an  advisory  in  2008  recommending  against  the  use  of  cough  and  cold  medicines  (which  contain  decongestants  as  well  as  antihistamines  and/or  dextromethorphan)  to  children  younger  than  2  years  of  age  because  of  reports  of  serious  and  life-threatening  side  effects.