RT Book, Section
A1 O'Malley, Michael A.
A2 Olson, Kent R.
A2 Anderson, Ilene B.
A2 Benowitz, Neal L.
A2 Blanc, Paul D.
A2 Clark, Richard F.
A2 Kearney, Thomas E.
A2 Kim-Katz, Susan Y.
A2 Wu, Alan H. B.
SR Print(0)
ID 1179991082
T1 CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES (2,4-D)
T2 Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071839792
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179991082
RD 2024/04/19
AB 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic  acid  (2,4-D)  and  its  chemical  derivatives  are  widely  used  herbicides.  A  large  number  of  formulations  are  available  containing  different  2,4-D  salts  (sodium,  amine,  alkylamine,  and  alkanolamine)  and  esters  (propanoic  acid,  butanoic  acid,  and  other  alkoxy  compounds).  The  most  frequently  used  agricultural  product,  based  upon  2013  California  pesticide  use  data,  is  the  dimethylamine  salt  of  2,4-D.  Current  California  registration  data  (November  2015)  show  205  formulations  for  the  dimethylamine  salt,  with  concentrations  ranging  from  0.12%  (for  the  most  dilute  home  use  product)  to  46.8–96.9%  (for  agricultural  formulations).  Although  some  concentrated  formulations  of  2,4-D  esters  are  wettable  powders,  others  contain  petroleum  solvents  (identified  on  the  "first  aid"  statement  on  the  pesticide  label);  even  though  these  solvents  are  considered  "inert"  ingredients  because  they  are  not  pesticides,  they  may  have  their  own  innate  toxicity  (see  "Toluene  and  Xylene"  and  "Hydrocarbons").