RT Book, Section
A1 Katzung, Bertram G.
A1 Kruidering-Hall, Marieke
A1 Trevor, Anthony J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1179220493
T1 Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium
T2 Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review, 12e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259641022
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179220493
RD 2024/04/19
AB The  antipsychotic  drugs  are  used  in  schizophrenia  and  are  also  effective  in  the  treatment  of  other  psychoses  and  agitated  states.  The  efficacy  of  these  drugs  has  led  to  several  hypotheses  linking  specific  transmitter  disorders  to  the  etiology  of  schizophrenia.  Older  (first  generation)  drugs  have  high  affinity  for  dopamine  D2  receptors,  thus  an  early  hypothesis  postulated  a  disorder  of  dopamine  transmission  as  a  primary  factor.  Newer  (second  generation)  antipsychotic  drugs  (also  called  atypical  antipsychotic  drugs)  have  greater  affinity  for  serotonin  5-HT2  receptors,  suggesting  that  disorders  involving  this  transmitter  are  pathogenic.  Glutamate  has  also  been  implicated  in  some  studies.Although  schizophrenia  is  not  cured  by  drug  therapy,  the  symptoms,  including  thought  disorder,  emotional  withdrawal,  and  hallucinations  or  delusions,  may  be  ameliorated  by  antipsychotic  drugs.  Unfortunately,  protracted  therapy  (years)  is  often  needed  and  can  result  in  severe  toxicity  in  some  patients.  Bipolar  disorder  (formerly  called  manic-depressive  disorder)  may  be  related  to  schizoaffective  disorder  on  a  continuum.  In  bipolar  affective  disorder,  although  lithium  has  been  the  mainstay  of  treatment  for  many  years,  the  use  of  newer  antipsychotic  agents  and  of  several  antiseizure  drugs  is  increasing.  Other  indications  include  Tourette  syndrome  and  some  forms  of  agitated  dementia.