RT Book, Section A1 Adizie, Tochi A1 Adebajo, A. O. A2 Stone, John H. SR Print(0) ID 1180198400 T1 The Rheumatic Manifestations of Acute & Chronic Viral Infections T2 Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Rheumatology, 4e YR 2021 FD 2021 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781259644641 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180198400 RD 2024/03/28 AB Essentials of DiagnosisThe diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is confirmed using a combination of a combined antigen/antibody immunoassay and an HIV viral load test.A positive virologic test indicates HIV infection. Early disease is suggested by a negative immunoassay in the presence of viremia.HIV infection is associated with a wide range of rheumatic syndromes. These can occur at any stage of the disease.Rheumatic conditions that have been described in association with HIV include HIV-associated arthropathy, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, connective tissue diseases, vasculitides, septic arthritis, and pyomyositis.