RT Book, Section A1 Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 Prchal, Josef T. A2 Burns, Linda J. A2 Lichtman, Marshall A. A2 Levi, Marcel A2 Linch, David C. SR Print(0) ID 1178737357 T1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Progenitors, and Cytokines T2 Williams Hematology, 10e YR 2021 FD 2021 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260464122 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178737357 RD 2024/03/29 AB SUMMARYBlood cell production is an enormously complex process in which a small number of hematopoietic stem cells expand and differentiate into an excess of 1011 cells each day. Based on several strategies, experimental hematologists began to construct a hierarchical model of hematopoietic stem, progenitor, and mature blood cell development, in which each successive developmental stage loses the potential to differentiate into a specific type or class of cells, creating a series of progenitors of more and more restricted developmental fate. However, with the availability of single-cell transcriptome sequencing, this model of hematopoiesis is being reexamined and refined. The characteristics of the stem and progenitor cells that give rise to the cells of the blood are the subject of this chapter, including the roles played by transcription factors and external signals in lineage fate determination; the cytokines and cell adhesion molecules that support cell survival, self-renewal, expansion, and differentiation; and the cell-surface properties that allow for their purification and biochemical and genetic characterization. A thorough understanding of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their supportive microenvironment can provide critical insights into developmental biology of multiple cell systems, favorably impact blood cell development for therapeutic benefit, impact genetic therapy for a number of blood and other human diseases, and potentially provide the tools necessary to allow the regeneration of multiple organs.