RT Book, Section A1 Gruessner, Angelika C. A1 Dunn, David L. A1 Gruessner, Rainer W.G. A2 Brunicardi, F. Charles A2 Andersen, Dana K. A2 Billiar, Timothy R. A2 Dunn, David L. A2 Kao, Lillian S. A2 Hunter, John G. A2 Matthews, Jeffrey B. A2 Pollock, Raphael E. SR Print(0) ID 1175964387 T1 Transplantation T2 Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 11e YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259835353 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175964387 RD 2024/04/25 AB Key Points The field of transplantation has made tremendous advances in the last 50 years, mainly due to refinements in surgical technique and development of effective immunosuppressive medications. Although immunosuppressive medications are essential for transplantation, they are associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity. Opportunistic infections can be significantly lowered by the use of appropriate antimicrobial agents. Kidney transplantation represents the treatment of choice for almost all patients with end-stage renal disease. The gap between demand (patients on the waiting list) and supply (available kidneys) continues to widen. Pancreas transplantation represents the most reliable way to achieve euglycemia in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. The results of islet transplantation continue to improve but still trail those of pancreas transplantation. Liver transplantation has become the standard of care for many patients with end-stage liver failure and/or liver cancer.