RT Book, Section A1 Bashore, Thomas M. A1 Granger, Christopher B. A1 Jackson, Kevin P. A1 Patel, Manesh R. A2 Papadakis, Maxine A. A2 McPhee, Stephen J. A2 Rabow, Michael W. SR Print(0) ID 1175809428 T1 Mitral Regurgitation T2 Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2021 YR 2021 FD 2021 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260469868 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175809428 RD 2023/02/05 AB ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISMay be asymptomatic for years (or for life).Severe mitral regurgitation may cause left-sided heart failure and lead to right-sided heart failure.Pansystolic murmur at the apex, radiating into the axilla; associated with S3 when regurgitant volume is great.ECG shows LA abnormality or atrial fibrillation and LVH; radiograph shows LA and LV enlargement.For chronic primary mitral regurgitation, surgery is indicated for symptoms or when the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is less than 60% or the echocardiographic LV end-systolic dimension is greater than 4.0 cm.In patients with mitral prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation, earlier surgery is indicated if mitral repair can be performed successfully with a high degree of certainty.Patients with functional mitral regurgitation may improve with biventricular pacing. Some may also benefit from surgical intervention or percutaneous repair.