RT Book, Section A1 Seshadri, Anupamaa A1 Havens, Joaquim M. A2 Doherty, Gerard M. SR Print(0) ID 1171274941 T1 Shock in Surgical Patients T2 Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery, 15e YR 2020 FD 2020 PB McGraw Hill LLC PP New York, NY SN 9781260122213 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1171274941 RD 2024/03/28 AB Cardiovascular failure, or shock, can be caused by (1) depletion of intravascular volume, (2) compression of the heart or great veins, (3) intrinsic failure of the heart itself or failure arising from excessive hindrance to ventricular ejection, (4) loss of autonomic control of the vasculature, (5) severe untreated systemic inflammation, and (6) severe but partially compensated systemic inflammation. If the shock is decompensated, the mean arterial pressure or the cardiac output (more precisely, the product of the pressure and output) will be inadequate for peripheral perfusion; in compensated shock, perfusion will be adequate but at the expense of excessive demands on the heart. Depending on the type and severity of cardiovascular failure and on response to treatment, shock can go on to compromise other organ systems. This chapter discusses the cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders associated with shock.