RT Book, Section
A1 Bayne, David B.
A1 Thüroff, Joachim W.
A1 Gillitzer, Rolf
A1 Chi, Thomas
A2 McAninch, Jack W.
A2 Lue, Tom F.
SR Print(0)
ID 1171178539
T1 Percutaneous Endourology and Ureterorenoscopy
T2 Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 19e
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259834332
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1171178539
RD 2024/04/19
AB Endoscopic  procedures  in  the  kidney  rely  on  two  primary  approaches:  retrograde  and  antegrade  instrumentation  of  the  upper  urinary  tract.  The  retrograde  approach  utilizes  ureterorenoscopy  to  traverse  the  urethra  and  ureter,  while  antegrade  instrumentation  requires  a  percutaneous  puncture  directly  into  the  kidney.  Both  approaches  must  respect  the  intrarenal  anatomy  just  as  in  open  renal  surgery,  and  imaging  is  required  for  safety.