RT Book, Section
A1 Jameson, J. Larry
A1 Fauci, Anthony S.
A1 Kasper, Dennis L.
A1 Hauser, Stephen L.
A1 Longo, Dan L.
A1 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1167067407
T1 Sleep Apnea
T2 Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 20e
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260455342
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1167067407
RD 2024/04/23
AB Sleep  apnea  is  defined  by  the  presence  of  at  least  five  episodes  per  hour  of  apnea  (no  airflow  for  ≥10  seconds)  and/or  hypopnea  (reduction  in  airflow  by  at  least  30%  from  baseline  for  ≥10  seconds  accompanied  by  oxygen  desaturation  or  arousal  from  sleep)  in  the  presence  of  nocturnal  breathing  disturbance  symptoms.  Obstructive  sleep  apnea/hypopnea  syndrome  (OSAHS)  is  caused  by  upper  airway  closure  during  inspiration,  punctuated  by  brief  arousals  that  terminate  apneic  episodes.  Risk  factors  for  OSAHS  include  obesity,  craniofacial  factors  such  as  micrognathia,  family  history  of  OSAHS,  and  male  sex.  Hypothyroidism  and  acromegaly  are  systemic  diseases  associated  with  OSAHS.  OSAHS  increases  the  risk  of  multiple  cardiovascular  conditions,  including  coronary  artery  disease,  heart  failure,  stroke,  and  arrhythmias.