RT Book, Section
A1 Jameson, J. Larry
A1 Fauci, Anthony S.
A1 Kasper, Dennis L.
A1 Hauser, Stephen L.
A1 Longo, Dan L.
A1 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1191177395
T1 Respiratory Failure
T2 Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 20e
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260455342
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191177395
RD 2024/04/23
AB Respiratory  failure  is  defined  as  inadequate  gas  exchange  due  to  malfunction  of  one  or  more  components  of  the  respiratory  system.  There  are  two  main  types  of  acute  respiratory  failure:  hypoxemic  and  hypercarbic.  Hypoxemic  respiratory  failure  is  defined  by  arterial  O2  saturation  <90%  while  receiving  an  increased  inspired  O2  fraction.  Acute  hypoxemic  respiratory  failure  can  result  from  pneumonia,  pulmonary  edema  (due  to  elevated  pulmonary  microvascular  pressures  in  heart  failure  and  intravascular  volume  overload,  or  with  normal  pulmonary  microvascular  pressures  in  acute  respiratory  distress  syndrome  [ARDS]),  and  alveolar  hemorrhage.  Hypoxemia  results  from  ventilation-perfusion  mismatch  and  intrapulmonary  shunting.  Lung  injury  in  ARDS  can  be  worsened  by  mechanical  ventilation,  and  lower  tidal  volumes  can  reduce  lung  injury.