RT Book, Section
A1 Smollin, Craig
A1 Olson, Kent R.
A2 Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2 McPhee, Stephen J.
A2 Rabow, Michael W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1166176675
T1 Pesticides: Cholinesterase Inhibitors Poisoning
T2 Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260455281
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166176675
RD 2022/05/20
AB Organophosphorus  and  carbamate  insecticides  (organophosphates:  parathion,  malathion,  etc;  carbamates:  carbaryl,  aldicarb,  etc)  are  widely  used  in  commercial  agriculture  and  home  gardening  and  have  largely  replaced  older,  more  environmentally  persistent  organochlorine  compounds  such  as  DDT  and  chlordane.  The  organophosphates  and  carbamates—also  called  anticholinesterases  because  they  inhibit  the  enzyme  acetylcholinesterase—cause  an  increase  in  acetylcholine  activity  at  nicotinic  and  muscarinic  receptors  and  in  the  peripheral  and  central  nervous  system.  There  are  a  variety  of  chemical  agents  in  this  group,  with  widely  varying  potencies.  Most  of  them  are  poorly  water-soluble,  are  often  formulated  with  an  aromatic  hydrocarbon  solvent  such  as  xylene  and  are  well  absorbed  through  intact  skin.  Most  chemical  warfare  “nerve  agents”  (such  as  GA  [tabun],  GB  [sarin],  GD  [soman],  and  VX)  are  organophosphates.