RT Book, Section A1 Beattie, Wendy A1 Lindquist, Jacob A1 Spragg, Rebecca A2 Mitra, Raj SR Print(0) ID 1159835270 T1 An Overview of Orthotics T2 Principles of Rehabilitation Medicine YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071793339 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1159835270 RD 2024/03/29 AB An orthosis is defined by the international Organization for Standardization as an “externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems.” Orthoses may be used to decrease pain, provide stabilization for healing, prevent or correct a deformity, improve function, or any combination of these. Over the past 75 years, the profession has evolved from one of artisanal work involving carving wood and bending metal, to a science involving microprocessors, composites, and computer-aided design and manufacturing. Although materials and processes have changed, orthotic design remains largely custom or customized for the individual patient. The orthotist must consider the pertinent patient history, underlying pathologies, the biomechanical system and the impact of the orthosis on this system, sensation, skin integrity, the prognosis, as well as patient preferences and desired goals when determining optimal orthotic care. This is done in coordination with family, physicians, therapists, and other members of the health care team. This chapter will review basic orthotic designs and management principles for the upper limb, lower limb, and spine.