RT Book, Section
A1 Volkmar, Fred R.
A2 Ebert, Michael H.
A2 Leckman, James F.
A2 Petrakis, Ismene L.
SR Print(0)
ID 1158262808
T1 Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders
T2 Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071754422
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158262808
RD 2024/04/23
AB ICD-10  Diagnostic  CriteriaReproduced  with  permission  from  Diagnostic  Descriptions  and  Criteria  for  Autism  and  Related  Pervasive  Developmental  Disorders  from  International  Classification  of  Diseases,  10th  Edition  (World  Health  Organization,  Geneva,  Switzerland,  2003)Childhood  Autism  (F84.0)Abnormal  or  impaired  development  is  evident  before  the  age  of  3  years  in  at  least  one  of  the  following  areas:receptive  or  expressive  language  as  used  in  social  communication;the  development  of  selective  social  attachments  or  of  reciprocal  social  interaction;functional  or  symbolic  play.A  total  of  at  least  six  symptoms  from  (1),  (2),  and  (3)  must  be  present,  with  at  least  two  from  (1)  and  at  least  one  from  each  of  (2)  and  (3).Qualitative  impairments  in  social  interaction  are  manifest  in  at  least  two  of  the  following  areas:failure  adequately  to  use  eye-to-eye  gaze,  facial  expression,  body  postures,  and  gestures  to  regulate  social  interaction;failure  to  develop  (in  a  manner  appropriate  to  mental  age,  and  despite  ample  opportunities)  peer  relationships  that  involve  a  mutual  sharing  of  interests,  activities,  and  emotions;lack  of  socio-emotional  reciprocity  as  shown  by  an  impaired  or  deviant  response  to  other  people's  emotions;  or  lack  of  modulation  of  behavior  according  to  social  context;  or  a  weak  integration  of  social,  emotional,  and  communicative  behaviors;lack  of  spontaneous  seeking  to  share  enjoyment,  interests,  or  achievements  with  other  people  (e.g.,  a  lack  of  showing,  bringing,  or  pointing  out  to  other  people  objects  of  interest  to  the  individual).Qualitative  abnormalities  communication  as  manifest  in  at  least  one  of  the  following  areas:delay  in,  or  total  lack  of,  development  of  spoken  language  that  is  not  accompanied  by  an  attempt  to  compensate  through  the  use  of  gestures  or  mime  as  an  alternative  mode  of  communication  (often  preceded  by  a  lack  of  communicative  babbling);relative  failure  to  initiate  or  sustain  conversational  interchange  (at  whatever  level  of  language  skill  is  present),  in  which  there  is  reciprocal  responsiveness  to  the  communications  of  the  other  person;stereotyped  and  repetitive  use  of  language  or  idiosyncratic  use  of  words  or  phrases;lack  of  varied  spontaneous  make-believe  play  or  (when  young)  social  imitative  play.Restricted,  repetitive,  and  stereotyped  patterns  of  behavior,  interests,  and  activities  are  manifested  in  at  least  one  of  the  following:an  encompassing  preoccupation  with  one  or  more  stereotyped  and  restricted  patterns  of  interest  that  are  abnormal  in  content  or  focus;  or  one  or  more  interests  that  are  abnormal  in  their  intensity  and  circumscribed  nature,  though  not  in  their  content  or  focus;apparently  compulsive  adherence  to  specific,  nonfunctional  routines  or  rituals;stereotyped  and  repetitive  motor  mannerisms  that  involve  either  hand  or  finger  flapping  or  twisting  or  complex  whole-body  movements;preoccupations  with  part-objects  or  nonfunctional  elements  of  play  materials  (such  as  their  odor,  the  feel  of  their  surface,  or  the  noise  or  vibration  they  generate).The  clinical  picture  is  not  attributable  to  the  other  varieties  of  pervasive  developmental  disorders;  specific  development  disorder  of  receptive  language  (F80.2)  with  secondary  socio-emotional  problems,  reactive  attachment  disorder  (F94.1),  or  disinhibited  attachment  disorder  (F94.2);  mental  retardation  (F70–F72)  with  some  associated  emotional  or  behavioral  disorders;  schizophrenia  (F20)  of  unusually  early  onset;  and  Rett's  syndrome  (F84.12).F84.1  Atypical  AutismAbnormal  or  impaired  development  is  evident  at  or  after  the  age  of  3  years  (criteria  as  for  autism  ...