RT Book, Section
A1 Suter, Paolo M.
A1 Russell, Robert M.
A2 Jameson, J. Larry
A2 Fauci, Anthony S.
A2 Kasper, Dennis L.
A2 Hauser, Stephen L.
A2 Longo, Dan L.
A2 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1160015696
T1 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess
T2 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259644016
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160015696
RD 2024/10/04
AB Vitamins  are  required  constituents  of  the  human  diet  since  they  are  synthesized  inadequately  or  not  at  all  in  the  human  body.  Only  small  amounts  of  these  substances  are  needed  to  carry  out  essential  biochemical  reactions  (e.g.,  by  acting  as  coenzymes  or  prosthetic  groups).  Overt  vitamin  or  trace  mineral  deficiencies  are  rare  in  Western  countries  because  of  a  plentiful,  varied,  and  inexpensive  food  supply;  food  fortification;  and  use  of  supplements.  However,  multiple  nutrient  deficiencies  may  appear  together  in  persons  who  are  chronically  ill  or  alcoholic.  After  gastric  bypass  surgery,  patients  are  at  high  risk  for  multiple  nutrient  deficiencies.  Moreover,  subclinical  vitamin  and  trace  mineral  deficiencies,  as  diagnosed  by  laboratory  testing,  are  quite  common  in  the  normal  population,  especially  in  the  geriatric  age  group.  Conversely,  because  of  the  widespread  use  of  nutrient  supplements,  nutrient  toxicities  are  gaining  pathophysiologic  and  clinical  importance.