RT Book, Section A1 Botham, Kathleen M. A1 Mayes, Peter A. A2 Rodwell, Victor W. A2 Bender, David A. A2 Botham, Kathleen M. A2 Kennelly, Peter J. A2 Weil, P. Anthony SR Print(0) ID 1160192421 T1 Lipids of Physiologic Significance T2 Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 31e YR 2018 FD 2018 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259837937 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160192421 RD 2024/03/29 AB OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter, you should be able to:Define simple and complex lipids and identify the lipid classes in each group.Indicate the structure of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, explain how the chain length and degree of unsaturation influence their melting point, give examples, and explain the nomenclature.Explain the difference between cis and trans carbon–carbon double bonds.Describe how eicosanoids are formed by modification of the structure of unsaturated fatty acids; identify the various eicosanoid classes and indicate their functions.Outline the general structure of triacylglycerols and indicate their function.Outline the general structure of phospholipids and glycosphingolipids and indicate the functions of the different classes.Appreciate the importance of cholesterol as the precursor of many biologically important steroids, including steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamins D.Recognize the cyclic nucleus common to all steroids.Explain why free radicals are damaging to tissues and identify the three stages in the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation that produces them continuously.Describe how antioxidants protect lipids from peroxidation by either inhibiting chain initiation or breaking the chain.Recognize that many lipid molecules are amphipathic, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in their structure, and explain how this influences their behavior in an aqueous environment and enables certain classes, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol, to form the basic structure of biologic membranes.