RT Book, Section
A1 Leventhal, Jeremy S.
A1 Ross, Michael J.
A1 Lai, Kar Neng
A1 Tang, Sydney C. W.
A2 Lerma, Edgar V.
A2 Rosner, Mitchell H.
A2 Perazella, Mark A.
SR Print(0)
ID 1149114825
T1 Glomerular Disorders Due to Infections
T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypertension, 2e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259861055
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1149114825
RD 2024/04/24
AB ESSENTIALS  OF  DIAGNOSISHIV-associated  Nephropathy  (HIVAN)  is  a  distinct  pathological  entity  characterized  by  the  combination  of  collapsing  FSGS,  microcystic  dilation  of  renal  tubules,  and  interstitial  inflammation  found  in  HIV  infected  individualsHIVAN  is  caused  by  expression  of  HIV-1  genes  in  renal  epithelial  cells  and  is  highly  associated  with  APOL1  risk  alleles:Combination  antiretroviral  therapy  (cART)  is  the  most  effective  treatment  to  retard  progression  of  glomerular  filtration  decline  and  proteinuria:Though  cART  protects  against  HIVAN,  some  individual  agents  are  associated  with  a  spectrum  of  renal  manifestations  from  benign  spurious  changes  in  serum  creatinine  to  fulminant  acute  kidney  injury  (AKI)Small  studies  suggest  a  beneficial  effect  of  angiotensin  converting  enzyme  inhibitors  and  steroids  in  selected  patientsHIV-positive  patients  are  predisposed  to  AKIHIV-associated  immune  complex  kidney  (HIVICK)  disease  includes  a  heterogeneous  spectrum  of  glomerular  diseases  occurring  in  HIV-infected  patients  characterized  by  glomerular  immune  complex  depositionThrombotic  microangiopathy  is  an  HIV-related  complication  most  commonly  found  in  patients  with  untreated/advanced  HIV  diseaseHIV  infection  increases  the  risk  of  diabetic  kidney  disease  progression,  and  may  also  promote  progression  of  other  common  forms  of  chronic  kidney  disease  (CKD).