RT Book, Section
A1 Landrigan, Philip J.
A1 Morland, Kimberly
A2 Fuster, Valentin
A2 Harrington, Robert A.
A2 Narula, Jagat
A2 Eapen, Zubin J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1191189393
T1 ENVIRONMENT AND HEART DISEASE
T2 Hurst's The Heart, 14e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071843249
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191189393
RD 2024/04/19
AB SummaryThis  chapter  discusses  environmental  threats  to  cardiovascular  disease  (see  accompanying  Hurst’s  Central  Illustration).  Many  cardiovascular  conditions  have  been  linked  to  environmental  exposures.  In  air  pollution,  particulate  matter  has  been  associated  with  hypertension,  atherosclerosis,  acute  myocardial  infarction,  arrhythmias,  stroke,  and  cardiac  mortality,  and  carbon  monoxide  has  been  linked  to  ischemic  heart  disease  and  heart  failure.  Exposure  to  metals,  including  lead,  cadmium,  mercury,  arsenic,  cobalt,  and  thallium,  is  associated  with  hypertension,  atherosclerosis,  stroke,  coronary  heart  disease,  myocardial  infarction,  cardiomyopathy,  heart  failure,  arrhythmias,  peripheral  vascular  disease,  and  cardiac  death.  Halogenated  hydrocarbons,  including  halogenated  alkanes  and  solvents,  are  associated  with  arrhythmias,  coronary  heart  disease,  ischemic  heart  disease,  cardiomyopathy,  hypertension,  degenerative  arteritis,  and  cardiac  death.  Exposure  to  organophosphate  insecticides  has  been  linked  to  arrhythmias  and  sudden  cardiac  death.  Nitrate  exposure  has  been  strongly  associated  with  angina,  myocardial  infarction,  and  cardiovascular  death,  and  exposure  to  carbon  disulphide  is  linked  to  hypertension  and  atherosclerosis.  Additionally,  chronic  exposure  to  noise  is  associated  with  increased  risk  for  hypertension,  and  subsequent  risk  for  myocardial  infarction  and  stroke.  Finally,  the  increased  surface  temperatures  related  to  global  climate  change  are  expected  to  increase  death  from  heart  disease  and  stroke.  Given  the  widespread  exposure  of  the  general  population  to  multiple  potential  environmental  threats,  every  physician  is  advised  to  obtain  a  brief  history  of  occupational  and  environmental  exposure  from  every  new  patient  and  to  follow  up  in  more  detail  if  suspicious  of  toxic  exposure.