RT Book, Section A1 Lin, Jeannette P. A1 Aboulhosn, Jamil A. A1 Child, John S. A2 Fuster, Valentin A2 Harrington, Robert A. A2 Narula, Jagat A2 Eapen, Zubin J. SR Print(0) ID 1161732594 T1 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS T2 Hurst's The Heart, 14e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071843249 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161732594 RD 2024/03/29 AB The incidence of moderate and severe forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) is 6 per 1000 live births. If bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) are included, the incidence increases to 19 per 1000 live births.1 Without early medical or surgical treatment, the majority of patients with complex CHD would not survive to adulthood.2 Surgical and medical advances over the past 60 years have dramatically altered the once bleak prognosis of patients with CHD. In the current era, more than 85% of patients with CHD survive to reach adulthood, and most live productive and functional lives.3,4 Many patients have undergone surgical interventions that were once thought to be curative. However, with the exception of early surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a surgical “cure” for complex CHD without operative sequelae or need for reoperation does not exist.5