RT Book, Section A1 Adrish, Muhammad A1 Leung, Sharon A1 Jakobleff, William A1 Carlese, Anthony A2 Oropello, John M. A2 Pastores, Stephen M. A2 Kvetan, Vladimir SR Print(0) ID 1136419592 T1 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation T2 Critical Care YR 1 FD 1 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071820813 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1136419592 RD 2024/10/11 AB KEY POINTSExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide cardiac/cardiopulmonary support via venoarterial (VA) ECMO or pulmonary support via venovenous (VV) ECMO.The indications typically being bridge to recovery, bridge to transplant, or bridge to decision.Early use of ECMO showed poor response leading to a loss of interest in ECMO as a potential therapeutic modality, reappraisal of early results suggests patient selection, and technological limitations precluded successful results.The results of the CESAR trial and H1N1 experience along with technological improvements and a general improvement in the care of critically ill patients have led to renewed interest in the use of ECMO.Modification of cannulation options either at central or at peripheral locations can affect unloading of the heart as well as impacting the ability to oxygenate the cardiac and cerebral circulations.Improvement in skill of critical care ultrasonography by intensivists has allowed cannulation to move from the operating room and catheterization laboratory to the bedside for VV ECMO and peripherally cannulated VA ECMO.