RT Book, Section
A1 Kasper, Dennis L.
A1 Fauci, Anthony S.
A1 Hauser, Stephen L.
A1 Longo, Dan L.
A1 Jameson, J. Larry
A1 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1128786788
T1 Nephrolithiasis
T2 Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 19e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071828529
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128786788
RD 2024/04/16
AB Renal  calculi  are  common,  affecting  ~1%  of  the  population,  and  recurrent  in  more  than  half  of  pts.  Stone  formation  begins  when  urine  becomes  supersaturated  with  insoluble  components  due  to  (1)  low  urinary  volume,  (2)  excessive  or  insufficient  excretion  of  selected  compounds,  or  (3)  other  factors  (e.g.,  urinary  pH)  that  diminish  solubility.  Approximately  75%  of  stones  are  Ca-based  (the  majority  Ca  oxalate;  also  Ca  phosphate  and  other  mixed  stones),  15%  struvite  (magnesium-ammonium-phosphate),  5%  uric  acid,  and  1%  cystine,  reflecting  the  metabolic  disturbance(s)  from  which  they  arise.