RT Book, Section A1 Rios, Adan A1 Hagemeister, Fredrick B. A2 Kantarjian, Hagop M. A2 Wolff, Robert A. SR Print(0) ID 1126745542 T1 The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome–Related Cancers T2 The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 3e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Medical PP New York, NY SN 9780071847940 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1126745542 RD 2024/10/13 AB The relationship between malignancies and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) changed in 1996 when highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced in industrial nations. Thanks to the United Nations and other philanthropy programs, HAART has also been successfully introduced into a number of developing nations (1). Africa, the pandemic epicenter, is the exception, due to the epidemic magnitude on that continent and its significant political and social turmoil. Prior to 1996, epidemiologists noted specific malignancies afflicting patients with AIDS, with a risk proportional to host immune status. Before HAART, AIDS patients could be separated into two groups: patients with an opportunistic infection as their first manifestation of AIDS (60%) and those with a malignancy as its mode of presentation (40%) (2).