RT Book, Section
A1 Vella, Adam
A2 Tintinalli, Judith E.
A2 Stapczynski, J. Stephan
A2 Ma, O. John
A2 Yealy, Donald M.
A2 Meckler, Garth D.
A2 Cline, David M.
SR Print(0)
ID 1132927497
T1 Diabetes In Children
T2 Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071794763
LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1132927497
RD 2024/04/18
AB Diabetes  is  subclassified  into  several  different  forms.  Type  1  diabetes,  previously  referred  to  as  insulin-dependent  diabetes  mellitus  or  juvenile-onset  diabetes  because  of  its  earlier  onset,  is  characterized  by  an  abrupt  and  frequently  complete  decline  in  insulin  production.  Type  2  diabetes,  formerly  referred  to  as  non–insulin-dependent  diabetes  mellitus  or  adult-onset  diabetes,  is  marked  by  increasing  insulin  resistance  and  most  commonly  occurs  in  the  overweight  adult  or  adolescent;  there  is  a  strong  genetic  tendency  toward  the  disease.  The  third  main  form  of  diabetes  affecting  children  is  gestational  diabetes,  which  can  affect  pregnant  teens  as  well  as  the  infants  of  diabetic  mothers.  There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  prevalence  of  type  1  diabetes  of  21%  between  2001  and  2009,  and  an  increase  of  31%  in  type  2  diabetes  in  the  same  time  period.1  While  the  cause  of  the  increase  in  type  1  diabetes  is  unknown,  some  experts  suggest  that  the  increasing  prevalence  of  type  2  diabetes  may  be  a  result  of  minority  population  growth,  obesity,  exposure  to  diabetes  in  utero,  and  perhaps  endocrine-disrupting  chemicals.1  Diabetes  is  the  most  common  pediatric  endocrine  disorder,  with  an  estimated  prevalence  of  1  in  400.  As  many  as  34%  of  children  with  new-onset  type  1  diabetes  present  in  diabetic  ketoacidosis  (DKA).2  In  children  with  known  diabetes,  DKA  is  much  less  common  and  tends  to  be  clustered  in  a  small  subset  of  patients,  with  5%  of  children  with  diabetes  accounting  for  nearly  60%  of  DKA  episodes.3  DKA  is  the  leading  cause  of  mortality  in  patients  with  diabetes  <24  years  of  age,  and  cerebral  edema  is  the  leading  cause  of  mortality  in  DKA.4