RT Book, Section A1 Cydulka, Rita K. A1 Bates, Craig G. A2 Tintinalli, Judith E. A2 Stapczynski, J. Stephan A2 Ma, O. John A2 Yealy, Donald M. A2 Meckler, Garth D. A2 Cline, David M. SR Print(0) ID 1121504981 T1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease T2 Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071794763 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1121504981 RD 2024/03/29 AB Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is generally progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases.1,2,3,4,5,6 COPD has two main forms: chronic bronchitis, defined in clinical terms, and emphysema, defined in terms of anatomic pathology. This traditional categorization is often indistinct, limiting the clinical utility of the definitions.2,3,4,5,6Chronic bronchitis is the presence of chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive years, where other causes of chronic cough have been excluded.2,3,4,5,6Emphysema results from destruction of bronchioles and alveoli. The World Health Organization's Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition of COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma, and acknowledges that most patients have a combination of the different diseases.