RT Book, Section A1 Jajoo, Kunal A1 Saltzman, John R. A2 Greenberger, Norton J. A2 Blumberg, Richard S. A2 Burakoff, Robert SR Print(0) ID 1119986649 T1 Barrett Esophagus T2 CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Endoscopy, 3e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071837729 LK accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1119986649 RD 2024/04/23 AB ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISReplacement of normal squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus with specialized intestinal metaplasia.Endoscopy and biopsy are essential for an accurate diagnosis.Presence of high-grade dysplasia should be confirmed by two expert gastrointestinal pathologists.Risk factors for progression to adenocarcinoma include a large hiatal hernia, long segment of Barrett esophagus, and mucosal abnormalities (nodules, ulcerations, or strictures).