TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Abdominal Compartment Syndrome A1 - Schlichting, Adam A1 - Schmidt, Gregory A. A2 - Hall, Jesse B. A2 - Schmidt, Gregory A. A2 - Kress, John P. PY - 2015 T2 - Principles of Critical Care, 4e AB - Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is caused by an acute increase in intra-abdominal pressure resulting from a number of medical and surgical conditions.Abdominal compartment syndrome and intra-abdominal hypertension are often unrecognized causes of organ dysfunction in critically ill patients.The reference standard for measurement of intra-abdominal pressure is via bladder catheter using a standardized protocol.Primary ACS results from direct, abdominopelvic pathology, whereas secondary ACS does not.By elevating the diaphragm and decreasing respiratory system compliance, ACS causes a restrictive respiratory defect. However, ACS affects a number of other organs, especially the kidneys, and may cause multiorgan system failure.Diagnosis relies on maintaining a high degree of clinical suspicion, measurement of intra-abdominal bladder pressure, and identification of organ dysfunction.The abdomen should be decompressed before critical organ dysfunction develops.Failure to recognize and treat ACS portends a poor prognosis. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1107712577 ER -