TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Occupational Cancer A1 - Fischman, Michael L. A1 - Rugo, Hope S. A2 - LaDou, Joseph A2 - Harrison, Robert J. PY - 2013 T2 - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 5e AB - The majority of cancers are multifactorial in etiology, the result of a combination of genetic and nongenetic factors. Genetic factors alone are estimated to cause only about 5% of cancers. Nongenetic factors, sometimes referred to as environmental factors, account for the majority of cancers. They include lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and occupational and consumer exposures to myriad chemicals and product formulations, which collectively contribute to the occurrence of a substantial proportion of cancers. Millions of US workers are exposed to substances that are known to cause cancer in humans, with 125 documented chemical/exposure circumstances, and more that cause cancer in animal studies. Unfortunately, however, less than 5% of chemicals manufactured or processed in the United Sates have been tested for carcinogenicity in animal bioassays. Based on associations between occupational exposures and cancer, it is estimated that 4–10% of US cancers are caused by occupational exposures. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104102783 ER -