TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Malaria A1 - Campino, Susanna A1 - Hill-Cawthorne, Grant A1 - Pain, Arnab A2 - Murray, Michael F. A2 - Babyatsky, Mark W. A2 - Giovanni, Monica A. A2 - Alkuraya, Fowzan S. A2 - Stewart, Douglas R. PY - 2014 T2 - Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care AB - Disease summary:Malaria is a major parasitic infection in humans with significant global health impact. The pathogen Plasmodium completes its sexual maturation in mosquitoes, which in turn transmit sporozoites to humans while feeding on their blood. In humans, the liver incubates sporozoites allowing for their asexual reproduction before their release into the blood stream where they continue their reproduction in red blood cells (RBCs), altering their properties, and causing the various symptoms of malaria.Differential diagnosis:Consider viral infections such as HIV seroconversion, dengue fever, hepatitis A, B, and E, influenza and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Bacterial infections with a similar presentation include typhoid, pneumonias, and leptospirosis.Monogenic forms:Genetic host and pathogen factors are known to influence the disease risk. The best known host genetic factor is sickle cell hemoglobinopathy where carriers of this disease have an approximately 10-fold increase in protection against severe and complicated malaria.Genome-wide associations:A number of genetic variants in the pathogen genome have been identified, some of which may serve as candidates for the development of more effective antimalarial therapies and vaccines.Pharmacogenomics:Some antimalarial drugs can cause hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency so measurement of G6PD activity is indicated. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/14 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102702700 ER -