TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Esophageal Cancers A1 - Shannon, Nicholas B. A1 - Fitzgerald, Rebecca C. A2 - Murray, Michael F. A2 - Babyatsky, Mark W. A2 - Giovanni, Monica A. A2 - Alkuraya, Fowzan S. A2 - Stewart, Douglas R. PY - 2014 T2 - Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care AB - Disease summary:Esophageal cancers (ECs) are comprised of two main classes, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although globally ESCC is the more common of the two, in some western countries such as the United States of America and United Kingdom, EAC has become the dominant histology. Particularly high incidence rates of ESCC are observed in Iran, East Asia, and some African regions.Rarely melanoma, sarcoma, small cell carcinoma, or lymphoma may arise.More than 80% of the 481,000 yearly cases occur in developing countries; the disease is two to four times more common among males.EAC is associated with Barrett esophagus (BE) as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity and usually occurs in the distal esophagus. ESCC is associated with smoking and alcohol and typically occurs in the mid and proximal esophagus.The clinical presentation can usually be attributed to the direct local effects of the disease: dysphagia, sometimes accompanied by pain (odynophagia) and regurgitation of saliva or food. Weight loss is an early feature due to dysphagia and tumor-related cachexia in more advanced stages. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102700375 ER -