TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 162. Endothelium in Inflammation and Angiogenesis
A1  - Petzelbauer, Peter
A1  - Loewe, Robert
A1  - Pober, Jordan S.
A2  - Goldsmith, Lowell A.
A2  - Katz, Stephen I.
A2  - Gilchrest, Barbara A.
A2  - Paller, Amy S.
A2  - Leffell, David J.
A2  - Wolff, Klaus
PY  - 2012
T2  - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8e
AB  - |PrintEndothelium  at  a  GlanceAll  blood  vessel  endothelial  cells  (ECs)  perform  three  important  constitutive  functions:  Maintaining  homeostasis  of  the  blood.Forming  a  barrier  that  separates  circulating  blood  from  the  tissue.Regulating  the  extent  of  local  blood  flow.The  cutaneous  vasculature  is  divided  into  a  superficial  vascular  plexus  and  a  deep  vascular  plexus.  The  superficial  vascular  plexus  is  formed  by  parallel  pairs  of  arterioles  and  venules  connected  via  capillary  loops  that  extend  into  the  dermal  papillae.ECs  participate  in  innate  and  adaptive  immune  responses.Tumor  necrosis  factor-α  and  interleukin-1β  are  important  modulators  of  EC  function.Vascular  ECs  contribute  to  inflammation  through  distinctive  patterns  of  adhesion  molecule  expression.  In  the  skin,  E-selectin,  vascular  adhesion  molecule  1,  and  intercellular  adhesion  molecule  1  may  be  particularly  important.Microvessels  of  the  skin  in  situ  basally  express  major  histocompatibility  complex  (MHC)  class  I  and  II  molecules  at  their  luminal  surfaces  and  may  present  antigen  in  an  MHC-restricted  manner  to  T  cells.In  the  healthy  adult,  blood  vessels  are  stable  structures  with  very  slow  turnover  of  ECs.  In  chronic  inflammation,  tissue  injury,  wound  healing,  and  tumor  growth,  new  vessels  are  formed  (angiogenesis)  and  existing  vessels  undergo  remodeling.Keratinocytes  produce  a  wide  range  of  angiogenic  factors,  including  members  of  the  fibroblast  or  transforming  growth  factor  protein  family,  platelet-derived  growth  factor,  and  vascular  endothelial  growth  factor,  as  well  as  chemokines  like  cutaneous  T  cell-attracting  chemokine.  Vascular  remodeling  is  a  prominent  feature  of  psoriasis.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56077911
ER  -