TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 42. Alcoholic Liver Disease
A1  - Kuo, Timothy T.
A1  - Grace, Norman D.
A2  - Greenberger, Norton J.
A2  - Blumberg, Richard S.
A2  - Burakoff, Robert
PY  - 2012
T2  - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Endoscopy, 2e
AB  - In  the  United  States,  excessive  alcohol  use  is  defined  as  ingestion  of  >14  drinks/week  in  women  and  >21  drinks/week  in  men  (1  drink  =  12  oz  beer,  1.0  oz  malt  liquor,  5  oz  wine,  or  1.5  oz  80  proof  "hard  liquor").Factors  accelerating  liver  injury  in  alcoholic  liver  disease  (ALD)  include  female  gender,  Latino  and  African-American  ethnicity,  chronic  hepatitis  C  infection,  acetaminophen  overdose,  and  hereditary  hemochromatosis.75%  of  Asians  have  decreased  ability  to  metabolize  ethanol,  resulting  in  acetaldehyde  accumulation  and  subsequent  flushing.Diagnosis  of  excessive  alcohol  use  is  suggested  by  increased  serum  ALT  and  AST  levels,  AST:ALT  ratio  of  2–3:1,  and  MCV  >100.Accurate  history  of  substance  intake  and  CAGE  or  Alcohol  Use  Disorders  Identification  Test  (AUDIT)  questionnaires  aid  in  the  diagnosis  of  alcohol  abuse.Liver  biopsy  and  liver  imaging  cannot  distinguish  ALD  from  nonalcoholic  steatohepatitis  (NASH).Although  90–100%  of  heavy  drinkers  will  develop  hepatic  steatosis,  only  10–35%  will  develop  alcoholic  hepatitis,  and  5–15%  will  develop  cirrhosis.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55961014
ER  -