TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes A1 - Lynch, III, Joseph P. A1 - Fishbein, Michael C. A1 - Wang, Tisha S. A2 - Grippi, Michael A. A2 - Antin-Ozerkis, Danielle E. A2 - Dela Cruz, Charles S. A2 - Kotloff, Robert M. A2 - Kotton, Camille Nelson A2 - Pack, Allan I. PY - 2023 T2 - Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 6e AB - Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a potentially catastrophic complication of myriad immune and nonimmune disorders.1–3 Clinical features are broad, but hemoptysis, infiltrates on chest imaging, hypoxemia, and progressive respiratory insufficiency are commonly seen in many other diverse etiologies.3 Other causes of diffuse parenchymal infiltrates (e.g., cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, other interstitial or alveolar lung disorders) must be excluded. Additionally, nonimmune causes of pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage include endobronchial tumors, arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms, ulcerative tracheobronchitis, hemorrhagic pneumonia, bronchiectasis, congestive heart failure, uremia, thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, massive pulmonary embolism, and infections.4,5 Depending upon the clinical scenario, coagulation profiles and ancillary tests (e.g., echocardiogram, chest computed tomographic [CT] pulmonary angiography, bronchoscopy) may be required to establish a specific diagnosis. A discussion of these disorders is beyond the scope of this chapter, which focuses primarily on immune-mediated causes of DAH. We begin with an overview of the many syndromes causing alveolar hemorrhage before discussing each individually. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1195007313 ER -