TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis A1 - Nath, Avindra A1 - Koroshetz, Walter J. A1 - Wilson, Michael R. A2 - Loscalzo, Joseph A2 - Fauci, Anthony A2 - Kasper, Dennis A2 - Hauser, Stephen A2 - Longo, Dan A2 - Jameson, J. Larry PY - 2022 T2 - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21e AB - Chronic inflammation of the meninges (pia, arachnoid, and dura) can produce profound neurologic disability and may be fatal if not successfully treated. Chronic meningitis is diagnosed when a characteristic neurologic syndrome exists for >4 weeks and is associated with a persistent inflammatory response in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (white cell count >5/μL). The causes are varied, and appropriate treatment depends on identification of the etiology. Five categories of disease account for most cases of chronic meningitis: (1) meningeal infections, (2) malignancy, (3) autoimmune inflammatory disorders, (4) chemical meningitis, and (5) parameningeal infections. In addition, there is increasing recognition that some patients with recurrent meningitis may have monogenic autoinflammatory disorders. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1198219932 ER -