TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors
A1  - Ursem, Carling
A1  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
PY  - 2022
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022
AB  - Gastric  NETs  make  up  less  than  1%  of  gastric  neoplasms.  They  may  occur  sporadically  or  secondary  to  chronic  hypergastrinemia  that  results  in  hyperplasia  and  transformation  of  enterochromaffin  cells  in  the  gastric  fundus.  The  majority  of  NETs  are  caused  by  hypergastrinemia  and  occur  in  association  with  either  pernicious  anemia  (75%)  (type  1)  or  Zollinger-Ellison  syndrome  (5%)  (type  2).  Type  1  tumors  are  associated  with  chronic  atrophic  gastritis,  gastric  achlorhydria,  and  secondary  hypergastrinemia.  Initial  diagnostic  workup  includes  serum  gastrin  level,  upper  endoscopy,  and  EUS.  Gastrin  level  should  be  obtained  1  week  after  the  patient  has  stopped  taking  protein  pump  inhibitors.  For  low-grade  tumors  (Ki-67  less  than  3%  or  less  than  2  mitoses/10  high-power  fields  [HPF]),  somatostatin  receptor–based  imaging  (somatostatin  receptor  scintigraphy  or  gallium-68  dotatate  PET/CT)  should  be  performed.  For  high-grade  tumors  (Ki-67  greater  than  20%  or  greater  than  20  mitoses/10  HPF),  FDG-PET/CT  is  preferred  to  evaluate  the  extent  of  disease.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184389723
ER  -