TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Toxoplasmosis A1 - Straily, Anne A2 - Boulton, Matthew L. A2 - Wallace, Robert B. PY - 2022 T2 - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e AB - Toxoplasma gondii, the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, is one of the most common protozoan parasites of humans. T. gondii was described in 1908, both by Nicolle and Manceaux at the Pasteur Institute in Tunis from gondis (a type of small rodent) used as laboratory animals in typhus research, and by Splendore at the Hygiene Institute in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from a laboratory rabbit. Human infection was first discovered in 1924 in the eye of an infant by Janku in Czechoslovakia. This was followed, starting in 1937, by several diagnoses in infants by Wolf, Cowan, and Paige at Colombia University in New York City. After the development of a serologic test, the dye test by Sabin and Feldman in 1948, it became clear that infections in humans and animals were found worldwide and were highly prevalent in many areas. The identification of the sexual cycle of Toxoplasma in cats led to its classification as a coccidian.32 It became clear then that the infections of gondis and rabbits were linked to cats, which at the time were kept in laboratories to catch wild rodents and laboratory animals that had escaped. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182667675 ER -