TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Disorders of Neutrophil Function A1 - Borregaard, Niels A1 - Kuijpers, Taco A2 - Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 - Prchal, Josef T. A2 - Burns, Linda J. A2 - Lichtman, Marshall A. A2 - Levi, Marcel A2 - Linch, David C. PY - 2021 T2 - Williams Hematology, 10e AB - SUMMARYThe neutrophil circulates in blood as a quiescent cell*. Its main function as a phagocytic and bactericidal cell is performed outside the circulation in tissues where microbial invasion takes place. Neutrophil function is traditionally viewed as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing. Although these conceptionally represent distinct entities, they are functionally related, and rely to a large extent on the same intracellular signal transduction mechanisms that result in localized rises in intracellular Ca2+, changes in organization of the cytoskeleton, assembly of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase from its cytosolic and membrane integrated subunits, and fusion of granules with the phagosome or neutrophil plasma membrane. Clinical disorders of the neutrophil may arise from impairment of these normal functions. The clinical presentation of a patient who has a qualitative neutrophil abnormality may be similar to that of one who has an antibody, complement, or toll-like receptor disorder. In general, evaluation for phagocyte cell disorders should be initiated among those patients who have at least 1 of the following clinical features: (a) 2 or more systemic bacterial infections in a relatively short period; (b) frequent, serious respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia or sinusitis, or otitis media, or lymphadenitis; (c) infections present at unusual sites (liver or brain abscess); and (d) infections associated with unusual pathogens (eg, Aspergillus pneumonia, disseminated candidiasis, or infections with Serratia marcescens, Nocardia species, or Burkholderia cepacia). SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178748102 ER -