TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Urine A1 - Pfennig, Camiron L. A1 - Brown, B. Ethan A2 - Knoop, Kevin J. A2 - Stack, Lawrence B. A2 - Storrow, Alan B. A2 - Thurman, R. Jason PY - 2021 T2 - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - Although a urinalysis gives definitive microscopic clues to the presence of disease, gross appearance can provide useful clues prior to formal urinalysis results. Color, clarity, odor, and associated pain give insight to the presence of disease. Normal urine appearance ranges from transparent yellow to dark amber, which is due to urobilin, a bile pigment of hemoglobin. Dark urine (see Fig. 25.50) may be due to dehydration or high concentrations of bilirubin in the blood. Deep red or brown urine may suggest porphyria. Other causes of red urine include myoglobinuria due to hemolysis from brown recluse envenomation (see Fig. 25.51), rhabdomyolysis (see Fig. 25.52), hematuria from cancer (see Fig. 25.53), ureteral stones, clotting disorders, recent genitourinary surgery, urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted infection, or falsely present in females during menses. Blackberries, beets, rhubarb, rifampin, phenazopyridine, and senna can turn urine a red-orange color. Food dyes, methylene blue, indomethacin, and propofol may turn urine blue-green. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181053061 ER -