TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Pernio
A1  - Zafren, Ken
A1  - Thurman, R. Jason
A1  - Jones, Ian D.
A2  - Knoop, Kevin J.
A2  - Stack, Lawrence B.
A2  - Storrow, Alan B.
A2  - Thurman, R. Jason
PY  - 2021
T2  - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
AB  - Pernio,  also  known  as  perniosis  or  chilblains,  is  the  result  of  nonfreezing  cold  exposure  in  susceptible  individuals.  Pernio  appears  within  24  hours  of  cold  exposure,  most  frequently  on  the  face,  ears,  hands,  feet,  and  pretibial  areas.  A  large  range  of  lesions  may  be  seen,  with  localized  edema,  erythema,  cyanosis,  plaques,  and  blue  nodules  occasionally  progressing  to  more  severe  lesions  including  vesicles,  bullae,  and  ulcerations.  The  lesions  persist  for  up  to  2  weeks  and  may  become  chronic.  They  are  typically  very  pruritic  and  associated  with  burning  paresthesias.  Following  rewarming,  pernio  often  takes  the  form  of  blue  nodules,  which  are  quite  tender.  In  the  setting  of  recent  cold  exposure,  pernio  might  be  confused  with  the  more  severe  syndrome  of  trench  foot.  If  the  history  of  cold  exposure  is  not  elicited,  the  differential  diagnosis  is  potentially  very  broad.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181050836
ER  -